Definition: Painkillers are medicines that are used to treat pain.
Modes of intake; they can be taken by:
ü mouth as liquids, tablets, or capsules,
ü injection,
ü Via the rectum (back passage) - for example, suppositories.
ü Some are available as a creams or an ointment.
The three main types of painkillers
- Paracetamol.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Examples of NSAIDs include; ibuprofen, diclofenac, and celecoxib.
- Opiates ;these are either
ü Weak opioids include: codeine, and dihydrocodeine.
ü Strong opioids include: diamorphine, morphine, oxycodone, and pethidine.
ü Tramadol as an opioid is neither a weak nor a strong opioid.
Medical complications
· Strong painkillers increase risk of heart or stroke death.
· Paracetamol overdose may cause irreversible liver damage within 3 days (malnourishment and alcohol increase the risk)
· Asprin toxicity may cause ringing in the ears and sighing when breathing.
Procedures for management and treatment
If the person is conscious:
- Help them into a comfortable position.
- Ask them what they have taken.
- Reassure them while you talk to them.
- Call for emergency medical help.
- Monitor and record vital signs level of response, pulse and breathing - until medical help arrives.
- Look for evidence that might help to identify the drug, such as empty containers.
In the case of unconsciousness
Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation.(CPR)
- Open the airway and check breathing.
- Be prepared to give chest compressions and rescue breaths if necessary.
- Place them into the recovery position if the person is unconscious but breathing normally.
- Do notinduce vomiting.
- Call for emergency medical help.
No comments:
Post a Comment